However truly smart - and real - cities are driven bottom up by citizens and organizations as innovators rather than by top down visions and plans that ignore the innovative potential of grassroots efforts, while governments should play the role of mediator bringing companies, research organizations and creative people to work in concert (Ratti, Townsend). The connection between smart environments and bottom-up innovation practices in the framework of cities and urban agglomerations is the main focus of the Special Issue. In particular we explore how collaboration platforms, embedded systems, open data, and semantic web technologies sustain a new round of innovation driven by the creativity of the population and the collective intelligence of collaboration. The concept of Living Labs takes its point of departure in the consideration of people as innovators, and envisions environments of open and user driven innovation. As infrastructures and social networks become more advanced and widespread, the role of the Internet as an enabler of city services has become more important for urban development. Cities are increasingly assuming a critical role as drivers of innovation in areas such as health, inclusion, environment and business, a trend that will surely continue as more people and devices will become part of the Future Internet even than are connected today. Cities are increasingly becoming a living lab itself, a playground of innovation and transformation.
Linked Open Data - An intro
Inference
The basic idea of inference is that it is possible to know more about a set of data than what is explicitly expressed in the data.
OWL vs. OOP
In object-oriented programming, a class is like a blueprint or template for the creation (instantiation) of objects; an object is an instance of a class. OWL classes are interpreted as sets that contain individuals, with no notion of instantiation.
scardf -Scala RDF API (Jena façade) @ Google Code
Easier (?) RDF manipulation, that’s the goal ;-)
(via:late2theparty:)
Source: late2theparty
The year open data went worldwide.
Berners-Lee - Socially Aware Cloud Storage and Distributed Social Networking (1)
social networking libero e decentralizzato: questa si che è creatività! “collegare cose note in modi nuovi”
Source: dagoneye
It’s time to return to the original concept of the Web-based Internet—an interconnected, decentralized and distributed, open and independent cacophony of individuals who control their own Webspace, operate their own communication channel, and freely communicate with others without having to worry about a central point of failure. The only way to build a truly open and decentralized global microblogging network is by leveraging the power of the Semantic Web. Doing so will help usher in the reality of the Social Web. Decentralizing and individualizing Stream creation and management will help ensure that the MicroBlogOcean does not have a central point of failure and does not require a central-controlling authority. With a properly semantified and structured Stream, even efficient and effective privacy and identity management become feasible.
Source: dagoneye
Both Google and Yahoo have been supporting Semantic Web markup (RDFa, RDF and Microformats) for weeks and months respectively. What they do, at the moment, is use the markup only for visual feedback by returning better looking, more functional ‘page snippets.’ But how would it look if you could get all these bits and compose them automatically to form a single structured information page about what you’re searching for? The folks at the DERI institute have just released Sig.ma, a visual browser and mashup generator that will go all over the web of data and find dozens of sources to combine together when answering a user query. It also comes in API mode to reuse the information Sig.ma finds inside applications.
RDF & Multiple inheritance
How does multiple inheritance work in the RDF Schema Language? Just apply the rule twice. If A is subClassOf B and A is also subClassOf C, then any individual x that is a member of A will also be a member of B and of C.
-Morgan Kaufmann (Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist)
Reification
Making a statement about another statement is called reification
E.g.
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. (a statement)
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1604.
Wikipedia states that Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1604.
Saritha checked Wikipedia, it states that Shakespear wrote Hamlet in 1604.
The word ‘Resource’
An excerpt from Morgan Kaufmann’s book ‘Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist’:
In the Semantic Web we refer to the things in the world as resources; a resource can be anything that someone might want to talk about. Shakespeare, Stratford, “the value of X,” and “all the cows in Texas” are all examples of things someone might talk about and that can be resources in the Semantic Web. This is admittedly a pretty odd use of the word resource, but alternatives like entity or thing, which might be more accurate, have their own issues. In any case, resource is the word used in the Semantic Web standards. In fact, the name of the base technology in the Semantic Web (RDF) uses this word in an essential way. RDF stands for Resource Description Framework.
What I think:
The word ‘Resource’ might have been used in the Semantic Web Standards continuing the World Wide Web tradition. To use a different word was anyway uncalled for when people have already gotten used to terms like URL & URI in which Resource is inherent.
But, probably, why this word crept into the very first standards is because of the human psyche. We consider everything as some kind of a resource, a-thing-of-use. It has now narrowed down further to mean a-thing-of-economic-value or a-consumable. To us things are just not things, they are either resources or non-resources.
Definition of the word Resource from answers.com:
- Something that can be used for support or help: The local library is a valuable resource.
- An available supply that can be drawn on when needed. Often used in the plural.
- The ability to deal with a difficult or troublesome situation effectively; initiative: a person of resource.
- Means that can be used to cope with a difficult situation. Often used in the plural: needed all my intellectual resources for the exam.
- resources The total means available for economic and political development, such as mineral wealth, labor force, and armaments.
- resources The total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, including plant, labor, and raw material; assets.
- Such means considered individually.
For posts that are techy / matters a little grey that I din't want to be drowning in randomness.
